The Mint Master

UTAH
NUMISMATIC SOCIETY

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A map of the proposed State of Deseret and the original boundaries of Utah Territory,
1849-1851. Compiled by E. R. Varner, 1940, from the 1848 map by Charles Preuss and other
original sources. Originally published in Utah Historical Quarterly, vol. 8.

The
Mint
Master

October 2022
Volume 70 Issue 10

UTAH

NUMISMATIC
SOCIETY
OFFICERS

President Mike Rek 916-806-0923
Vice President Kelly Finnegan 801-636-1190
Treasurer Tom Davis 801-580-8637
Secretary Larry Kimura 385-831-9705

o Medals Chair. Dave Larsen 801-637-1060
Curator Darin Lee 801-556-0789

< Newsletter Doug Nyholm 801-918-9522

= Asst MM Ed. Robie Cagle 801-869-0605
BOARD MEMBERS

0g Cindy Cagle 801-869-0584

SP? Chris Larsen 801-300-9763

a2 Darin Lee 801-556-0789

5 Don Swain 801-652-0124

— Bruce Griggs 801-703-4081

= Larry Nielsen 801-870-2344

@ LaVar Burton 801-255-1629

“I Sherry Gunderson 385-232-5256

AN Ruth Hackford-Peer 801-834-5579

a Bourse Chair /Bob Campbell 801-467-8636

Jr. Member
Jr. Member

Casey Hackford-Peer
Clay Riggs

Hospitality Richard Blaylock & Lamar Kemp

PRESIDENTS MESSAGE —- October 2022

Mike Rek

PRESIDENTS MESSAGE

Nothing received by the 26th of the month deadline.

*ee** A nnNOUNnCemMment* ****

There will be a special “Youth Table” at the October coin
show!

This will be courtesy of Dave Andrras. There will be both
Cent and Nickel folders with loose coins for the youth to fill
holes in these folders.

There is no fee for the youth to participate.

Contents & Agenda For October 11, 2022
Greetings - Mike Rek Reconstruction Article
Mini Exhibit - TBA ANA Report
News & Views - Bob Campbell Book Review
Coin Quiz - Darin Lee Quiz
Refreshments - Sherry Gunderson and Election Information
Jan Reninger Coin Show Display Info

Prizes

Meeting October 11, 2022 at 7PM
Meeting location is:
Columbus Center - 2530 South 500 East, Salt Lake City

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Reconstruction Story

Rick Snow

#
#

The following article is being reprinted with the permission of Rick Snow which was
part of the August 2022 “Longacre’s Ledger.” This is the official publication of “The
Flying Eagle and Indian Cent Collectors’ Society.” Rick Snow is the editor of their
publication and also an author and dealer specializing in Flying Eagle and Indian
Head Cents. He authored the 900 page 2-volume attribution guide for these coins
which are commonly referred to as “Snow” varieties in auctions and the numismatic
industry.

Information about this club and be found at www.fly-inclub.org

Longacre’s Ledger

The Journal of The Flying Eagle and Indian Cent Collectors’ Society
Volume 33.2, Issue 115 August 2022

www. fly-inclub.org

I personally want to thank Rick Snow
for this outstanding article which was
partially the basis for my talk last
month at our UNS meeting regarding
how history affects not only coin
mintages but also their survival and
rarity.

U.5. TREASURY
yer :

rg Or et ae
rt I \ mvirdeibitais iad ew
‘> quale. /
2 \
a ~ }
How Many 1856 Fly- Money in America Ultra Gem 1902 Indian
ing Eagles in the Top during the Conditional and Absolute — Cent sell for an Awe-
Grades? Reconstruction Era: Rarity Inspiring $144,000

Greg Slaughter 1866-1877 Greg Slaughter By Richard Snow
By Richard Snow

Money in America during the Reconstruction Era: 1866-1877
By Richard Snow

I have been periodically following the history
of the United States and the evolution of its money
with a particular eye on the cent by looking back 150
years since about 2003. It was fascinating thinking
about what was happening back then in somewhat of
areal time study. In 2003, I followed events that were
happening around 1853. This study was published in
The Numismatist in April 2013 as “On The Verge of
Change: 1848-1855.” This article won the Olga and
Wayte Raymond award as best article for that year.

I studied and followed events that brought
about the Civil War from 1856 to 1860 and incorpo-
rated this into my book, “The Flying Eagle and Indian
Cent Attribution Guide.” During the sesquicentennial
of that war 2011 - 2015, I followed the events on a
nearly daily basis. This time-traveling through history
in my mind brought me to write an article in the De-
cember 2013 Longacre’s Ledger (Issue 23.3 89) about
the events leading up to the adoption of the bronze
cent in 1864. Now, nearly nine years later, it is inter-
esting to see how the times have changed since the
events of 1863-64. Now, writing in 2022, the 150 year
marker now falls on 1872, a pivotal time in American
history being in the middle of what is known as the

Reconstruction era, which is the tumultuous time be-
tween the end of the Civil War and the Compromise of
1877. The money of our country changed as dramati-
cally as the nation did during this period. In addition
to having to reform as a single country, it also had to
bring back a stable currency and coinage system.

To begin, I’ll give a brief summary of what the
people of the era had gone though. In 1864, the Civil
War was still taking the lives of thousands of young
men on both sides of the fight. It was in fact the worst
year of the war in terms of lives lost. Ulysses S. Grant
was elevated to Lieutenant General, a rank previously
only given to George Washington. President Lincoln
wished only to be kept informed of his general’s plans
and made it clear that Grant had his full support in all
endeavors.

The Confederacy had elevated its General,
Robert E. Lee as well. His word and orders carried
such weight that he was the de-facto head of the Con-
federacy in all military matters.

Throughout the year, their armies fought each
other with ruthlessness never seen before, or since.
With each battle, their war-weary public wondered
when it all would end.

The North held its election in November, the

RUNNING THE MACHINE”.

Podtisbed ky Curcitr fron, 2 Narva SHY, fi 5) f

Cartoon Criticizing the Greenback as “Chase’s Patent Currency me

Longacre’s Ledger

Vol. 32.2 August 2021

Page 10

first and only time such an event was held during
a Civil War. Lincoln, known today as the father of
the Republican party, ran as a representative of the
National Union party, which was a temporary name
change made to attract voters of all parties who de-
sired to see the Union restored.

The convention even went so far as to choose
a Democrat, Andrew Johnson, as the Vice Presidential
candidate, dropping Hannibal Hamlin. The Democrat-
ic ticket had General George McClellan who promised
to end the war by a making a deal with the South.
Lincoln said that if he lost, he would prosecute the
was to a speedy end to save the Union, as it would not
be saved by his opponent.

Money at the End of the Civil War
The currency situation was a mess. Gold and

silver coins were not seen in circulation. Even the
nickel cent was removed from circulation due to its

Civil War tokens and a
Copper-nickel cent

Bronze cent

hard money feel. Nickel
was by no means a
precious metal, but to
get them at all, you had
to pay a premium of
as much as 20%. The
bronze cent, made to re-
place the privately made
token coinage that had
sprung up in the north-
ern cities, began to be issued in mid-1864. Along with
a law prohibiting the issuance the of private tokens as
currency, these coins began to be found in circulation.
A new two cent coin was also authorized to quickly
ramp up the amount of low-value coins available.
Currency bills in 10¢, 25¢ and 50¢ denomina-
tions were used in place of the missing silver coin-
age. The first fractional notes were issued for seven
months between August 1862 and May 1863 and were
called Postage Currency. They had images of stamps

First Issue, August 1862

AGU DERE LEEEID B22,
THE

The Greenback - 1862 $1 Legal Tender Note, Treasury Secretary Salmon P. Chase is featured on the Front

Longacre’s Ledger

Vol. 32.2 August 2022

Page 11

on them. When coinage
disappeared in mid-

1862 it was allowed that
stamps could be used as
currency. Single stamps
soon found their way
into merchant’s cash reg-
isters and this created its
own mess. As a quick fix,
the Government issued
these small denomination

notes depicting stamps.

Additional issues of fractional currency were
issued in March 1863 and the stamp motif was re-
placed by images of Washington.

To help fund the war effort, the North issued
notes of higher denominations that would be come
to be called Greenbacks, due to the green color ink
on their back. In March 1862, denominations of $5,
$10 and $20 were printed. In August 1862, $1 and $2
notes were printed. In March of 1863, higher denomi-
nations of $50, $100, $500 and $1,000 were printed.
The Greenback currency was not backed by anything
except the full faith of the Government. As such its
value fell as the war slogged on. In 1864 the value of
the Greenback rose and fell as the outlook of a North-
ern win rose and fell.

Near the end of 1863, for example, the value
of the Greenback was around 70¢ to the gold dollar.
This was after the capture of Chattanooga by Grant in
November. In 1864, the slog of the war and the end-
less casualties caused the value to drop to around 40¢.

On July 1, 1864, Samuel Chase resigned as Treasury
Secretary, causing the price of the greenback to drop
again to 40¢. His replacement was William Fessenden.
The value of the Greenback to gold also became a ba-
rometer on Lincoln’s chance of re-election in Novem-
ber. It didn’t look good. In September 1864, General
William T. Sherman captured Atlanta and the value of
the Greenback soared from 39¢ to 42¢. It was enough
to get Lincoln over the election with a win. However,
the wisdom of the day was that Lincoln’s election
would hurt the chances of Greenback redemption, so
the value fell again.

Nickel coins

An up and coming industrialist, Joseph Whar-
ton had purchased the defunct Gap Nickel mine in
1863 in the hopes of furnishing the Mint with nickel
for its cents. The demise of the nickel cent in 1864
halted those plans, but that action prompted Wharton
to act in a more political action to expand nickel in the
currency system. The universal hatred of the fractional
currency would help him build a customer base for his
nickel.

Mint Director James Pollock had been opposed
to using nickel in coinage, calling it “Slumpy.” Pol-
lock’s friend in Congress, William Kasson, was Chair-
man of the House Subcommittee on Coinage and he
was also opposed to using nickel in coinage. Wharton
had gained some key allies in Washington, among
them was Treasury Secretary Chase. Prior to leaving
office in July 1864, Chase was able to sway Kasson
and Pollock to change their outlook on nickel.

Fractional Currency - Third Issue, December 1864

Longacre’s Ledger

Vol. 32.2 August 2021

Page 12

What was proposed was what Wharton called
Postage Currency in the denomination of 3¢. These
would be made out of nickel and copper in a ratio of
25% nickel and 75% copper. Of course, the Mint was
already striking 3¢ coins in silver, but they had not
been seen in circulation since the start of the war.

The last day of the legislative year was on
March 3rd, 1865. Lincoln would be inaugurated for
his second term the next day at noon. Bills creating
the Freedman’s Bureau were adopted. The use of IN
GOD WE TRUST on certain coins was adopted. The
rush was on to get bills passed. In this mix was the bill
authorizing the 3¢ nickel. This bill lowered the legal

tender limits for the 1¢ and 2¢ coins to only four cents.

The legal tender limit for the three-cent coin would be
sixty cents. The coins were to be paid out to replace
the three-cent Fractional Currency note issued only
three months earlier.

The bill passed the House in the evening of
March 3rd. It was then presented to the Senate on the
morning of the 4th amidst debate and actions on other
bills as well as the proceedings outside on the portico
getting ready for Lincoln’s arrival amidst a light driz-
zling rain. Lincoln signed it with a stack of other bills
just minutes before the inauguration.

After the elec-
tion another printing
of Fractional Currency
was issued. Some
of these new notes
featured current office
holders! The images
of Spencer Clark, the
Director of the Cur-
rency Bureau was on

the 5¢ note, William Fessenden, the Treasury Sec-
retary, was on the 25¢ note and Francis Spinner, the
Treasurer, was on the 50¢ note.

In the first months after the change to the
bronze cent, relatively large mintages were made and
they began to fill the cash registers of the country with
coins again. The fractional notes and Greenbacks were
the only other money circulating. The silver coins
were hidden in hoards as they were worth a premium
and no one would give them up unless they had to.

When the war drew to a close in April 1865,
the value of the Greenback recovered somewhat to
68¢. Now it was time to put the nation back together
and it would take many years and the effort of all peo-
ple. The assassination of Lincoln on April 16th made
the future prospect of a united country very tenuous.
The Greenback plummeted to 62¢.

James Pollock Henry Linderman Joseph Wharton
Mint Director 1861-1866, Mint Director 1867-1869, Owner of The Gap Nickel Mine,
1869-1873 1873-1878 1863-1891

Longacre’s Ledger

Vol. 32.2 August 2022

Page 13

President Johnson

There was ha-
tred, fear and distrust on
both sides and with the
elevation of Lincoln’s
Vice President, Andrew
Johnson to the Presi-
dency, the anger grew.
The Republican party
had cleaved into two factions - The Radical Repub-
licans, who wanted to rule the South with harshness
and sought to quickly bring former slaves into full
citizenship. Their opposition was the Moderate Repub-
licans, led by Lincoln, who wanted to bring the South-
ern populace back into the nation in a more graceful
manner. The Radicals tolerated Lincoln, but Johnson,
being a Democrat, proved to be their nemesis.

In 1866, Congress attempted to push its recon-
struction agenda. They passed the Freedman’s Bureau
Act, but Johnson vetoed it. Next they passed the Civil
Rights Act, but Johnson vetoed it. Then they passed
the Freedman’s Act again and after Johnson vetoed it,
it passed over his veto. It was the mid-term election
period and Johnson went on the road to get congress-
men more to his point of view elected. His rambling
inflammatory rhetoric backfired and Republicans
gained more than a 2/3 majority in Congress. Johnson
now had few friends in Congress.

In 1867, Congress passed the Tenure of Office
Act which forbade the President from removing any
Federal office holder approved by the Senate without

Nickel coins: 1865 3¢, 1866 5¢

Longacre’s Ledger

Vol. 32.2 August 2021

further approval from the Senate. Johnson could do
noting about it. In 1868, he tested the will of the Sen-
ate by attempting to remove Secretary of War, Edwin
Stanton and replace him with Ulysses S. Grant. Stan-
ton locked himself in his office until the Senate voted
against his removal. Congress voted to impeach the
President over this and other things. He was acquit-
ted by one vote in May, just months before the next
presidential election, which Grant would win handily.
Johnson pardoned all former Confederate combatants
before leaving office.

Nickels Enter Circulation

After passage of the 3¢ nickel bill in 1865,
Mint Director Pollock was now obliged to accept
nickel coinage as a practical alternative to the missing
silver coins and as a way of removing the unwanted
fractional currency from circulation. He called for the
issuance of a five cent nickel coin in his June 30th re-
port. His thinking was to issue nickel 3¢ and 5¢ coins
only until as a temporary measure to help get the frac-
tional currency withdrawn. They submitted a bill to
authorize a 5¢ nickel in which the alloy would be 25%
nickel and 75% copper and twice the weight of the 3¢
coin. The 3¢ nickel was 30 grains and the proposed 5¢
coin would be 60 grains.

As the bill was worked up in the coinage com-
mittee, the weight of the coin magically changed to
5 grams, or 77.16 grains. The 60 grain weight was
already more then the proportional weight compared
to the 3¢ coin, but now it was even heavier! The gram
weight was said to be made as the Congress wished
it to be expressed in metric terms, but 4 grams (61.72
grains) was even more than Pollock had proposed.
Wharton, working in the background, had won again.
The bill passed and was signed into law on May 16,
1866. 5¢ nickel would enter circulation solely by re-
placing fractional currency notes of face values under
$1.00.

Aluminum Five Cents by Longacre, 1867

Page 14

Linderman Restriking Era

In September 1866, James Pollock stepped
down as Director of the Mint. William Millward was
nominated to fill the position, but after six months, the
Senate failed to confirm him. Henry Linderman, who
was a clerk at the Mint as late as 1864, was nominated
and confirmed as the new Mint Director in April 1867.

Linderman was obviously on the side of
Wharton’s interests in promoting nickel coinage. In his
first months in office he promoted expanding nickel to
include a 1¢ nickel of | gram and a 10¢ nickel of 10
grams. These failed to pass.

Longacre was now promoting the use of alumi-
num as a worthy alloy for the 5¢ coin. He struck beau-
tifully designed patterns and sent them to Treasury
Secretary Hugh McCulloch by way of Linderman.
Aluminum was just beginning to be refined and the
expense of separating it from bauxite was very expen-
sive and as such the price was still more than gold.
Linderman included his own detrimental thoughts in
his own accompanying letter. Nothing ever came from
Longacre’s aluminum trial except his beautiful 5¢ pat-
tern and a number of full denomination sets made in
the next few years.

While Linderman was opposed to using alu-
minum in circulating coinage, he was very keen on
making patterns of the metal. Complete denomination
sets were made in aluminum for friends. Linderman
was also keen on restriking coins from earlier years
that were requested. The Linderman restriking period
lasted from 1867 until 1869 and is the cause of numer-
ous rarities and unusual pattern coins. There is strong
evidence that the Class III 1804 dollars were struck
at this time as Linderman retained one for his collec-
tion. Although Linderman died with nothing of value

in his estate in 1879, this
coin was discovered by
his estate and brought to
auction in 1887.

Any pattern coin
struck in aluminum
dated prior to 1867 is
automatically a Linder-
man restrike. Any coin
die-linked to these pieces
is also a Linderman restrike. Other odd coins like the
1868 large cent or 1865 Seated Liberty coins with the
IN GOD WE TRUST motto are also obvious fantasy
coins struck during Linderman’s tenure.

In May 1869, Linderman was appointed to
look at the branch mints in the west and James Pollock
was reinstated as Director of the Mint. Fantasy coins
and restriking stopped once more, but patterns and
aluminum sets continued to be struck.

From their initial release throughout the end of
the decade, nickel 3¢ and 5¢ coins were issued in large
quantities. The fractional notes were still being issued,
and it was hoped that their demand would ebb in favor
of the coins. This was happening slowly.

Bronze 1¢ and 2¢ coins were becoming redun-
dant in circulation as their legal tender limit was re-
duced to favor the nickel coins. They could be refused
in quantities over 4¢ As such there was limited need
for additional 1¢ and 2¢ coins in circulation. Mintages
of both coins waned in 1866 through the end of the
decade. By the end of the decade the nickel coins were
becoming common. Silver coins were still rarely used
in circulation as the fractional currency was keeping
them hidden. Given the choice of using the 25¢ pa-
per bill or quarter, you would choose the paper bill to
spend first.

Longacre’s Ledger

1804 Dollar (Class I), Ex Linderman Estate, 1887

Vol. 32.2 August 2022

Page 15

id i

The Gold Room

The value of the
RA Greenback in relation

| to gold had become a
benchmark that all mer-
chants, banks and inves-
tors paid close attention
to. In New York, a Gold
Room was set up for
trading in gold against the Greenback. It was begun in
1862 as an informal operation, but by October of 1864
it was very important and prices for gold were quoted
daily in the newspapers. If a dollar Greenback was
worth 40¢ in gold as it was at darkest days of the war,
then the price of a gold dollar was $2.50 in green-
backs. The gold room price was expressed in hun-
dreds, so the price at that time would be $250. When
the Greenback dollar was worth the same as a gold
dollar, then the price in the gold room would be $100.

In 1866 the price of gold ranged from $125

to $168. In 1867 it was $132 to $146. In 1868 it was
$132 to $150. In 1869 it swung wildly from $119 to
an amazing $162. After 1870 to 1878 the price of gold
stabilized and traded between $108 and $123. When
the dollar was exchanged for gold 1-to-1, which was
called Specie Resumption, the price closed in on $100

:
1A
al

Jay Gould, Gold Speculator

ares,

close to the date of specie resumption on the first day
of 1879.

The wide swings of 1869 were due to the gold
corner known as Black Friday, September 24, 1869.
The corner was instituted by Jay Gould in concert with
Jim Fisk and Abel Corbin. Corbin was the brother-in-
law of President Grant. By buying shares of gold clan-
destinely and then using as many as 250 brokers in the
Gold Room, Gould and Fisk were able to hold three
times the available supply of the gold in the country.
The Government was the only problem as they were
selling gold on a weekly basis to stabilize the market.

Corbin was able to convince Grant to hold
back gold sales which started a run on gold. The
speculation ran up gold on a daily basis. Gould and
Fisk controlled $60 million in gold. When gold went
above $160 it created a national crisis as this meant
the greenback was falling in value to 62¢. It was creat-
ing a massive inflation.

When Grant discovered the fix, he ordered
gold to be sold below market. The fix collapsed and
many investors, including Corbin were ruined. Gould
was able to get ahead of the crash and quietly sold
before the news broke, netting $11 million in profit.
Fisk and Corbin went broke and got the majority of
the blame.

y= SII, by Carr Bers, 2 Di aon Sone, te Sento Deri Tok. 152 NASSAU! ST_NEW YORK

THE BOY OF THE PERIOD” STIRRING UP THE ANIMALS.

Cartoon depicting Jim Fisk working up the gold room. President Grant is
running up with a bag of $5 million in gold.

Longacre’s Ledger

Vol. 32.2 August 2021

Page 16

After the Crash

The aftermath of the run-up and crash caused
the stock market to crash 20%. A number of banks
failed and numerous brokerages went bankrupt. The
monetary policy stiffened and it was now a priority to
bring the Greenback back to parity with gold. It would
take a decade to accomplish this. The episode brought
out an economic rivalry that would dominate politics
until the end of the Century. The Gold Bugs saw a re-
turn to specie resumption as a necessary way to bring
economic stability and prosperity. Their rival, the
Greenbacks (later called Silverities), saw the flexible
printing of Greenbacks as a way to expand the money
supply. Farmers were in favor of this as they needed
access to loans to maximize their businesses.

Fractional currency was still issued in a fourth
issue (1869) and a fifth issue (1874). They would be
printed until 1876. There was still a need for them in
1874, but silver coins began to be produced in larger
numbers and were now used more and more in regular
commerce. As this happened, older coins would come
out of hiding. Within a few years the return of the sil-
ver coins turned into a flood of coins. By 1878, there
were more than enough silver coins in circulation and
mintages for half dollars and quarter dollars dropped
considerably.

A Minor Coin Problem

The 1¢ and 2¢ bronze coins were beginning to
accumulate in banks due to their low legal tender limit
set in 1865 to promote use of the 3¢ and 5¢ nickels.
The banks had no mechanism to move them out of
their vaults back into circulation. Congress stepped
in and created the Mint Act of March 3, 1871, which
allowed the Mint to accept bronze and nickel coins
from the banks. The Mint in turn would melt the

coins and use the metal
for additional coins as
needed. This has the
effect of making lower
mintage coins of the era
much rarer. It was not
always the oldest coins
that were redeemed and
melted. If, for example,
1869-dated coins were
shipped to a bank that later decided they were not be-
ing needed, these would be sent back to the Mint and
melted in 1871.

The Mint Act of February 12, 1873

Since 1869, Dr. Henry Linderman had been
traveling to the western states to oversee the construc-
tion of the new Mint building in San Francisco and
the new Mint in Carson City. The new Transconti-
nental railroad allowed this trip to be made in relative
comfort and ease. He then traveled to Europe and
reported on the Mints in London, Paris and Berlin.

In 1869, newly installed Treasury Secretary,
George Boutwell, in his first Annual Report, recom-
mended putting all the Mints and Assay offices under
a single entity based in Washington. The Directors of
the Mints would report to the newly created Office
of Superintendent there. He also called for a general
rewriting of the coinage laws codified in one sweeping
law. The Deputy Comptroller of the Currency, John
Jay Knox was put in charge of gathering opinions. He
sought input from Linderman, James Snowden, Frank-
lin Peale, Robert Patterson and others.

In April 1870, a bill was submitted to Congress
to reorganize the Mint. The first shot of the Gold Bugs
was evident at the elimination of the silver dollar as
one of the recommendations. The elimination of this

Nickel Cent Redeemed | Bronze Cent Redeemed
1871 8,569,848 7,272,091

1872 | 5,751,073 5,635,999

1873 | 2,641,157 2,661,362

Nickel and Bronze Cents returned to the Mint 1871 - 1873

Longacre’s Ledger

Vol. 32.2 August 2022

Page 17

coin was reasoned to be
efficient as it was merely
a place-holder denomi-
nation that was never
seen in circulation.
Discussion in the
Senate turned to mak-
ing the coinage system
comply with the Paris
International Monetary
Conference in 1867, which called for a gold standard
among counties in the Union. It also called for coins
of equal finenss and weight between countries. While
being proponents of this conference, Boutwell and
Linderman thought codifying it would tank their bill.
Such a large and cumbersome bill took three
years to get through Congress. Never once was the
elimination of the silver dollar questioned. Along with
its elimination was the bronze 2¢, silver 3¢ and silver
half dime. The silver in the half dollar, quarter and
dime were raised to a metric standard. A new, heavier
420-grain trade dollar was authorized and it was
specifically not for use in the United States. It would
be used to compete with the Mexican dollar, British

Discontinued coins in 1873:
Bronze Two Cent, Three Cent Silver,
Half Dime, Silver Dollar

Longacre’s Ledger

Vol. 32.2 August 2021

Hong Kong dollar and the Japanese 1 yen in trade with
China. A mistake in the bill gave the coin legal tender
status of $5.

The Mint Bill was signed into law by President
Grant on February 12, 1873, the same day that the
electoral votes of the election of 1872 would be count-
ed and certified by Vice President Schuyler Colfax.
The bill had its numerous debates and revisions and no
one thought anything about the bill being anything but
an advancement of the United States monetary system.
It hardly made the news of the day, being overshad-
owed by the brewing Credit Moblier scandal which
involved kickbacks to Congressmen from the Union
Pacific railroad during the construction of the Trans-
continental Railroad. However, within the next few
years it would become known as the Crime of ‘73.

Later in the year, the financial firm of Jay
Cooke and Company suddenly closed its doors and
declared bankruptcy. This set off panic in the markets
and thousands of businesses, which had been accus-
tomed to easy post-war credit, failed. The New York
stock exchange closed for 10 days - longer than after
the September 11, 2001 attacks. A deep depression set
in for the next five years. It was known as the Great
Depression, until an even worse one took that moniker
in 1929,

The real reason for the crash was railroad
speculation, tightening credit and a financial crisis in
Europe. However, in the mid-term elections of 1874
the Republicans lost the majority in Congress for the
first time since the Civil War partly because of the eco-
nomic depression. The Democratic Party, which now
dominated Southern politics, was in a resurgence. The
Silverites formed the Greenback Party and focused
on the discontinuance of the silver dollar as the cul-
prit for the depression. Their influence would grow in
the coming years. A war between gold and silver was
growing.

Authorized Coins in 1873:
Trade Dollar

Page 18

The populist
message was that the
Crime of ‘73 had taken
away the expandable
money supply used to
finance the Civil War.

It was now needed to
bring back the economy.
The push towards a gold
standard brought about
The Specie Resumption Act, passed in the lame-duck
session of the Republican Congress before it lost its
power. Under this act, the Greenback would become
convertible to a gold dollar on January 1, 1879.

With the Democrats now in charge of Con-
gress, Grant’s final two years in office were ineffectual
and now, under House scrutiny, numerous scandals
were investigated. In his final address to Congress,
Grant apologized saying: “Failures have been errors of
judgement, not of intent.”

At the Mint, it was seen to be wasteful to be
melting the redeemed bronze cents that were pour-
ing in. Earlier, we talked about the enactment of The
Mint Act of 1871 which was adopted to deal with this
problem. Now, The depression had caused more coins
to come out of hidden hoards and the cents tended to
end up at the banks and were quickly sent off to the
Mint. Now, in 1874, the older coins were simply reis-
sued alongside the newly minted cents. The rarity of
the 1877 cent and non-issuance of 3¢ and 5¢ nickels in
1877 and 1878 is attributed solely to this reissuance by
the Mint. Nearly 10 million cents were issued in 1877,
but hardly any were new coins dated 1877.

Discoveries of silver in Nevada and Arizona
had pushed enormous quantities of silver onto the
market. Germany and other European countries were

dumping silver to buy
gold to back their cur-
rencies. The price of
silver suffered. The
Trade dollar was now

a freak coin in circula-
tion. It had a legal tender
limit which apparently
made it legal to circulate
as a dollar, but as silver

dropped it was in reality worth as little as 75¢. To fix
this, Congress removed its legal tender status in 1876.
Any additional coins would be struck for foreign trade
only.

With silver dropping in value, redemption of
the Fractional Currency was now a worthwhile prac-
tice. With that redemption, silver coins were once
again seen in circulation although the depression per-
sisted.

A special Congressional commission was set
up to examine claims that the Mint Act of 1873 was
actually a crime. It said that a return to bimetallism
was desirable if only because the authorization to
abandon silver was buried in the Mint Act and passed
without debate. Imagine that! A Bill that was debated
for three years had no debate on the discontinuance
of the silver dollar? The report was issued amidst the
election turmoil in March of 1877.

The election of 1876 would be the closest in
history until the 2000 Bush/Gore election. The Repub-
lican candidate Rutherford Hayes got 48% of the vote,
while the Democratic candidate, Samuel Tilden got
51%. A third party candidate took 1%. The Republi-
cans challenged the vote in Louisiana, South Carolina
and Florida. These were the only states still under
Federal military occupation where Republicans could
influence the outcome.

1874 | 3,015,870 4,051,908 372,500

Nickel Cents Redeemed | Bronze Cents Redeemed | Bronze Cents Reissued
9
9
9

1875 | 2,204,701 3,937,872 3,926,000
1876 =| 3,106,895 5,932,723 5,599,500

1877 =| 2,870,433

9,908,148 9,821,500

Nickel and Bronze Cents returned to the Mint 1874 - 1877

Longacre’s Ledger

Vol. 32.2 August 2022

Page 19

A special election
commission was formed
to decide the outcome of
the election. Five Repub-
lican members of Con-
gress, five Democratic
members of Congress and
5 Supreme Court Justices
- two Democratic lean-
ing and three Republican
leaning. After the committee heard story after story of
voting intimidation and destroyed ballots, they voted
along party lines with the single Republican Justice
being the deciding vote. The disputed electoral votes
were given to Hayes. The electoral count was Hays -
185 and Tilden - 184. The results were announced a
day before Inauguration day. Hayes was sworn in at
the White House in a secret ceremony under very tight
security on March 4, 1877.

Part of the dealings that happened in the back
room to sway the Democrats to accept this outcome
was offers to promote internal improvement in the
South, build a southern transcontinental railroad and
remove all federal troops from the South. This was
called the Compromise of 1877. It effectively ended
the Reconstruction era.

The depression lasted until 1879. The coinage
of cents steadily rose after 1878 as the economy re-
covered. The Silverites won a victory with the Bland-
Allison Act that created the Morgan dollar in 1878.
The silver purchased for these coins was supposed to
boost the silver price. It would become the symbol of
the war between the Gold Bugs and Silverites, which
would continue for 25 years.

The Reconstruction Era: 1866 to 1877 is a
fascinating era in U.S. monetary and political his-
tory. Collecting the coins and currency of the era
takes patience and perseverance. Many of the issues

Morgan Dollar 1878

are quite scarce, as are
most all the Indian cents
of the era. They were
issued in smaller quanti-
ties than earlier and later [By
years. They were heavily \Baag
melted and most survi-
vors are well worn.

The 3¢ and 5¢
nickels are mostly avail-

able in low grade, but these were also melted in large
numbers. The 3¢ mintages after 1870 were very low
as fewer Fractional Currency notes were redeemed.
The remaining pieces in circulation were removed and
melted. The series ended in 1889. The Shield Nickel
was also minted in lower quantities after 1870. Most
were melted after the issuance of the Liberty nickel in
1883. The Liberty nickel’s diameter is slightly larger
than the Shield nickel and they had to be removed
from circulation. This was the beginning of 5¢ enter-
tainment machines and the smaller size caused prob-
lems.

The silver coins were mostly struck in small
quantities and many years are very scarce. Larger
mintages in 1875 to 1879 make these dates more avail-
able. After that, with the price of silver dropping, there
were enough silver coins in circulation throughout the
1880’s that more were not needed.

An attempt as made in 1875 to issue a 20¢
coin. It seems to me that 1867 or 1868 might have
been a better year to introduce a new denomination to
replace the quarter dollar with a fifth dollar as there
were very few quarters in circulation those years. It
also may have had a better chance of succeeding if
there were 20¢ Fractional Currency notes printed that
needed to be redeemed. The denomination failed as it
was in competition with the quarter dollar and looked
fairly similar.

Twenty Cents 1875 - 1878

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Whether you are a beginning collector or a seasoned veteran, are still acquiring
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specialist today to find out how we can assist you in all your numismatic needs.

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ANA AUCTION REPORT

Doug Nyholm

The recent ANA convention held in August is history and I wanted to report some of the highlights which oc-
curred at the auctions held by Stacks-Bowers and Heritage.

Stack/Bowers held several significant auction sessions which included several major collections. The Daryl J.
Haynor collection called “The Virginian Collection” of Dahlonega gold was featured with its own catalog.
Daryl Haynor recently authored a book about Classic Gold Coins 1834-1839 and this collection contained a
compete collection of Dahlonega classic gold coinage. This was probably the finest set of Clasic gold coinage
from this rare southern mint to cross the auction block in decades if not forever.

This was not the only session Stacks/Bowers offered, the other col-
lection was called the Georgia Gold Rush collection which consisted
of Dahlonega gold from 1838-1861. This collection not only includ-
ed Classic gold coins but also coins of the Liberty design as well as
$3 coinage. The collection contained an amazing four 1854-D Three
dollar coins with one graded MS-62 sold for $528,000. Additionally
1861-D Gold Dollar struck under the control of the Confederacy
graded MS-63 sold for $336,000. These two collections were simply amazing.

Still one additional collection of gold coins from all eras was the Fairmont Collection which was filled with
over 550 lots from 1834 to 1932.

TRUEVIEW

Certificate Number

an ABO

Not to be outdone their “Rarities Night” session was highlighted with
the sale of the 1825/4/1 Proof Half Eagle with sold in excess of $4
million dollars. This coin is the finest of only three known and was
owned by Parmelee, Elisaberg, and King Farouk. It was graded
PCGS Proof-67 Cameo with a CAC sticker A simply amazing coin.
I have also been following 1776 Continental Dollars closely since the series of articles by David McCarthy
debunking their U.S. origin to simply a token struck in Germany many years after their 1776 Date. There
were a total of five in the auction ranging in grade from MS-65 to VG-8. The MS-65 Example sold for $210K
but the VG-8 brought only $16.8K and a VF30 example sold for $28.8K. Still hefty amounts for essentially a
European token. As with all “Rarities Night” auctions there are too many delicacies to mention individually
but one other gem was a 1792 Disme in copper graded MS-62 which sold for $900,000 and a unique proof
striking of a 1829 Bust Half Dollar.

Heritage also had several outstanding auction sessions
which included the James R. McGuigan collection of
half cents. His collection began with a number of colo-
nial Massachusetts half cents then continued on begin-
ning with the 1793 issue and concluding with the 1857
final year of half cent issuance. Included were all of
the
proof

snag by Hertape Arte, HA com imaged by Herp Aton, HA com only

issues from 1840-49 with both original striking and re-
strikes. One of the highlights were several 1796 rarities.
The “No Pole” variety was
graded MS-63 Brown and ave
sold for $552,000 while the aandaenmnomen
_ “With Pole” variety achieved the amazing grade
__ of MS-64+ Red and Brown but did not meet re-

serve. A 1793 Half Cent in MS-66 topped the $1
| mark at $1,005,000.

_ Another session consisted of the Bob R Simpson collection part [X. This

__ session contained the 1927-D Saint Gaudens Double Eagle which topped all
| _ Heritage lots at $4.44 million. Many other rarities also sold in this session.

_ One more significant session was the Bender Family Collection part 1. This
collection contained many Carson City rarities including a 1876-CC Twenty
Cent coin garnered $870,000 and the elusive 1870-CC Double Eagle at

imaged by Heritage Auctions, HA.com _ $4 5 6k.

Finally, the Heritage Platinum Session, their equivalent to Stacks Rarities Night, contained many more out-
standing rarities.

Just to view the many fantastic coins displayed in both Stacks and Heritage’s catalogues is an amazing
journey to view many coins one can never own and is the collections of the very rich.

These two coin are a favor-
ite of mine. The pattern
Standing Quarter J-1988 is
a Proof graded PF-50. Yes
there does exist several
proof Standing Quarters, all
patterns. The other is also a
proof 1916 pattern Walking

Liberty half J 1992 which
was graded PF-64. Both are
examples of Proof coinage
during the time that proofs
ESOS were being discontinued.
imaged by Hentage Auctions, HA.com Just super interesting that
they survived.

Imaged by Heritage Auctions, HA.com

BOOK REVIEW
U.S. Half Dollars 1794-1808

Robert Powers

This new book is a variety identification guide
for early half dollars from 1794-1807. The
book is authored by Robert Powers, whose U.S. Half Dollars
name is only found in tiny print on the copy- 1794 - 1807
right page. I understand that this is his 4th ™
book on the subject of identification of early
coins, the other three cover Early and Middle
date Large Cents, Half Cents, and now early
Overton Half Dollars. I found the book an-
nouncement in the E-Sylum newsletter and or-
dered my copy from David Kahn Rare Coins
located in Maryland. The cost of the book was
$95 plus $5 shipping and it was easy to order
with very quick shipping.

Now to describe the book, it is in full color and

in 8 1/2 by 11 format and softcover. It contains 106 pages but there are no
page numbers so I counted them manually. There are oversize full color pic-
tures of all the Overton varieties with standard descriptions which can be
found in several other books such as “Early Half Dollars” by Steve Tompkins
or Donald Parsley’s “US Half Dollars Die Varieties.” The pictures are noted
as being courtesy of PCGS or Heritage. There are no close up photos of spe-
cific areas of the coins which could have been helpful. The book contains no
commentary about collecting other than the basic die descriptions. Unfortu-
nately, at least in my opinion, the information contained within in easily
available elsewhere either free or for less cost. I cannot recommend this
book either for experts or novices.

KeREEEEEEE NEW MEMBERS

Tony Bonaro

Shawn Harrison

Dave Andrras (Honorary Member)

__UNS 2022 SCHEDULE
[+]

JANUARY

Speaker-Kelly
Finnegan / Security

MAY

UNS Birthday

Medal Voting

SEPTEMBER

Speaker
Doug Nyholm
Silver Eagles

FEBRUARY
Members “Show and

Tell’ Stories/Special
coins/Experiences

JUNE

Youth Night

Board Meeting
OCTOBER

Coin Show Display
Speaker / David

Larson or Kelly
Finnegan

MARCH
Club Auction

Members allowed 5
lots to auction

NOVEMBER
Elections / Bourse

Board Meeting 6:30

KRREEKRRRERERSE

APRIL
Speaker
Brent Ashworth

AUGUST

Auction

DECEMBER

Holiday/Christmas
Dinner

The Money Quiz

THIS AND THAT

1. How many stars are in the field abound the eagle on the 1836 Gobrecht Dollar?
A) 13 B) 26
C) 35 D) 46

2. Which mint did not strike $3 gold coins?
A) Dahlonega B) San Francisco
C) New Orleans D) Charlotte

3. Which dates were used on early Massachusetts silver coinage?
A) None B) 1652
C) 1662 D) 1682

4. What coin was the first colonial copper coin?
A) Nova Constellatio Coppers B) Higley Coppers

C) Vermont Immune Columbia D) Massachusetts Half Cents

5. What year was the first commemorative coin struck in the U.S?
A) 1848 B) 1876
C) 1891 D) = 1892

6. What is the lowest mintage circulating coin struck in the U.S?
A) 1804 Quarter Dollar B) 1875 $10 Gold
C) 1885 Trade Dollar D) 1882 Double Eagle

Our election will be held next month and in preparation posted here are the duties for
our elected officers. Please take time to review and give serious though to whom you
would like to nominate and see lead our club for the next two years. Also, if your per-
sonally interested in serving please make it known as we would very much appreciate
your service. Special thanks to Robie Cagle for putting this information together.

ELECTION INFORMATION

Out Bi-Annual Elections will take place in November, so it is important that everyone reacquaint themselves with the Bi-laws con-
cerning the election. Below is that information along with the duties for elected officers from our Bi-laws. We all should have a
copy of the Bi-laws which has been sent to everyone but if for any reason you need a replacement copy please contact Doug Ny-
holm who can send youacopy. You are able to send nominations to either Doug Nyholm, or Robie Cagle in advance of our Elec-
tion Day next month. You may also nominate during the election meeting. We need members who are willing to step up, to go the
extra mile, to be willing to help support the Society and help us grow, so please consider either running or nominating someone.

President (Elected)
Shall have general supervision over all the affairs of the society
To preside at meetings of the Society
To call meetings of the Board of Directors and preside thereat
To appoint all committees that may be necessary, and to remove them at will
To fill by temporary appointment any vacancy in any elective office until a successor is elected by the Board of Directors
To countersign all proper warrants drawn by the Secretary on the Treasurer. He may delegate the Vice President to perform all or a designat-
ed portion of this function
To require the Secretary, Treasurer, and Curator to render regular monthly reports

Vice President (Elected)
Assist the President in the fulfillment of his/her duties
To act in the place of the President, in case of his absence or disability
To succeed to the position of President, in case of his death or resignation
To supervise all educational programs of the Society, and report thereon to the President

Secretary (Elected)

To keep a true record of the transactions of the Society and preserve all documents pertaining to his/her office

To act as Secretary of the Board of Directors, and to keep a true record of the transactions of its proceedings and send a copy thereof to each
of its members. To prepare and sign all proper Checks/disbursements on the Treasurer, and forward them to the President or to the Vice
President, when so directed by the President

To receive all applications for membership; if properly prepared and accompanied by the required advance dues, to publish notice of such in
the official Newsletter; forward objections to the President; publish information as to new members so admitted as well as changes in
membership, resignations and deaths; and make monthly revisions of the mailing list and email list of the official Newsletter

To attend to all matters relating to subscriptions to the official Newsletter by non-members and the sale of single copies thereof, which price
shall be set by the Board of Directors should they deem it appropriate to do so

To perform such duties in connection with the nomination and election of officers as may be required by these Bylaw’s

To prepare and publish a directory of members at least once every three years.

Treasurer (Elected)

To receive all money of the Society collected from any source

To pay out money only on warrants drawn and signed by the Secretary and countersigned by the President or Vice president

To invest and reinvest the funds of the Society in accordance with instructions from the Board of Directors

To prepare an accounting of all funds received and a full and final report of all matters pertaining to his office at the end of the fiscal year,
and render the same accompanied by the proper vouchers, to the Society through its President

To receive all funds paid to the Society, including those which are collected by the Advertising Manager/Mintmaster Editor or any Associate
Editor.

To, at least once a month; prepare a monthly financial report and submit a copy thereof to the Board of Directors

To prepare an accounting of all funds received and a full and final report of all matters pertaining to his/her office at the end of the fiscal year
and render the same to the Society through its President

To ensure that the requisite fees as a non-profit society be paid yearly with the appropriate state agency

Curator (Elected)
Procurement of items for the Buy of the Month and monthly prizes for the drawing
Procurement of prizes for our Christmas Party
Responsible for placing any additional numismatic assets acquired by the club, either through purchase or donation, to the appropriate
custodian for safekeeping

Board of Directors (Elected or Appointed)

Shall consist of the following -

President, Out-going President, Vice President, Treasurer, Curator, Medals Chair, Editor of the Mintmaster, Secretary, and no more than six
elected members at large (Board Members)

The Board of Directors shall have the power to act on the affairs and business of the Society, including but not limited to

Appointment of members to fill vacancies in any elective office, except that of President. Should the President step down or no longer be
able to fulfill their responsibilities, the Vice President shall become the President

Decide on the time and place for holding conventions

Prescribe the form of membership applications and official ballots

Rule on the admission of applicants against whom objections are made. This includes applications where there is admission of a felony
conviction on the application. In such case a letter may be submitted to the board by the applicant providing details concerning that
conviction. This does not necessarily preclude inclusion in the club rather, explanation of said conviction, time since such action and
type of felony involved. Anyone convicted of serious offenses such as murder, rape or child molestation shall not be admitted though
other felonies may be overlooked and the application for that potential member accepted by vote of the Board of Directors. A line on
the membership application shall ask this question for the protection of the body

Rule on disposition of formal charges brought against a member

Fix subscription rates of the official newsletter and charges for other official publications. The Board shall have the sole right to determine
the manner and form of the newsletter and how it shall be distributed to the membership. Currently that is distribution via email, mem-
bers desiring paper copies be mailed them are subject to a fee appropriate to the yearly costs of doing so over and above their yearly
membership dues

Fix advertising rates for space in the official magazine and rules and regulations in connection therewith

Appoint an Editor of the official newsletter, The MintMaster, Assistant Editors, a Curator and Assistant curators if needed as well as an ad-
vertising Manager. If deemed advisable, more than one position may be held by the same person

Prescribe which elected and appointed officers should be bonded and fix the amounts thereof.

Fix the dues of Regular Members, Junior Members and Life Members

Remove from office any elected or appointed officer who does not or cannot meet the requirements of their office.

Prescribe the time and manner of publication and distribution of a directory of members. Such publication shall be available to all members
and may only be used in conjunction with official business. This information may not be used to send or distribute information contra-
ry to the information provided by the Society or its official publications, or as a means of bypassing proper procedure in cases where a
disagreement, or dispute either with the Society, or a specific Member may exist. Doing so may be met with immediate dismissal from
the Society

Appoint an Assistant to the Secretary, Historian and Custodian of Archives, Bourse Chair should there be a need for, or a desire for such
positions

A Quorum for the transaction of business meetings of the Board of Directors shall consist of a minimum of seven members

An affirmative vote of five members of the Board of Directors shall be required to amend the Bylaws of the Society

Meetings of the Board of Directors shall be conducted according to Robert’s Rules of Order

The Board of Directors has the authority to set policy for the Society

The President, or four members of the Board of Directors, may call a Special Meeting of the Board at times and places determined by
them. A Quorum (seven Board Members/officers) must be present at all Special Meetings and an affirmative vote of five or more
members shall be required for passage of any matter

It shall be respected that all elected, Officers, Special Officers & Board members will maintain confidentiality of those matters discussed in
meetings which, by their nature, shall and should remain confidential. Disclosure of matters discussed or acted upon by the Board of
Directors, where the nature is confidential, shall be subject to disciplinary action by the Board of Directors

At the discretion of the Board of Directors an outgoing President of the Society may be granted Life Membership as a thank you for their
dedicated service

These are the electable positions which will be coming up in November so you may want to start reviewing this, or the actual Bi-laws, and
determine whom you would like to nominate for a position, or if you would like to run for a position. You are not able to nominate
yourself however, you may ask another member if they would like to nominate you for a position. You may want to think seriously
about accepting a nomination. You do not have to accept a nomination, then again it may be something you may want to do

2022
ELECTIONS

UNS, OCC, and NUTS
UTAH COIN SHOWS
EXHIBITION RULES AND REGULATIONS

1. Exhibits must be entered in one of the following categories:
1. Tokens and Medals 4. Junior
2. U.S. and/or Foreign coins 5. Hand-held collectibles (spoons, bottles, etc.)
3. Currency and Stock Certificates
2. The point system used in the judging of the exhibits are as follows:
35: PtSi. scenes Information measured in terms of educational value to the viewer.
30 pts... Arrangement and originality, manner of presentation.
TSS esses Completeness, range, scope, and variety of coverage shown by the exhibit
as it relates to the exhibit title or theme.
10 pts........ Condition, quality of exhibit material compared to the highest known quality
of like material.
10 ptsiscccccs Rarity. (considering condition of exhibit material)
3. Awards will be given by the Exhibit Chairman to 1st and 2nd places in each category, People’s
Choice, and Best of Show. All other exhibitors will receive a participation award.
4. Exhibitors must be a member of one of the Utah Coin Clubs. Exhibitors may have only
one (1) exhibit per exhibitor. Entries will be accepted on a first-come, first-reserve basis
according to these rules until all available space is allocated. Applications will be accepted until
ONE (1) Hour before the show begins.
5. Exhibits must be set up by 10:00 A.M. on the first day of the show (OCTOBER 8, 2021).
Take down and Clean-up may begin at the earliest TWO (2) HOURS before the show
ends and must be complete at the latest by the time the show ends. The show will end
OCTOBER 9, 2021 at 7:00 P.M.

(Please Print)
APPLICATION TO EXHIBIT
am a member of
(Utah Coin Club) and | wish to exhibit in the
SALT LAKE CITY COIN AND TOKEN SHOW. | agree to follow the above mentioned
rules and regulations. | understand that the National Utah Token Society, its members, and its
officers are NOT liable for any loss or damage to my exhibit.

I,

Category Entered: (check one) #1 #2 #3 #4 #5

Size of exhibit or other special requirements:

Check one: | need a case: # of cases needed. (Size: 22"X 34") | do not need any cases: ___

EDITOR’S MESSAGE

The death of Queen Elizabeth II was global
news for many reasons. The longest ruling
Monarch was known to everyone in the world if
for nothing else than her familiar image on bil-
lions of coins and currency circulating through-
out many countries covering the globe. Most of
us today never saw anyone else on a circulating
coin from the British Commonwealth other than
Queen Elizabeth Hl. Soon that will change an
usher in a new adventure of collecting with
King Charles III on coinage and also enhance
the category of collecting the old coins with
Queen Elizabeth II on them. I also expect that
many books will be forthcoming not only about
the Queen but those dedicated to collecting
coins with her effigy. The prolific use of her
image since 1952 literally covers many billions
of coins and to attempt to achieve a complete
collection of circulating coinage let alone any
commemorative or special striking's would be
an almost virtually impossibility.

When Queen Victoria aged during her rule in
the 19th century her image was updated on
coinage but in regard to Queen Elizabeth’s long
rule her image was updated no fewer than five

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times to represent her appearance as
it changed throughout the decades.
I look forward to the numismatic
nature of collecting and literature
regarding the reign of Queen Eliza-
beth II.

Sincerely,

Doug Nyholm

#
#

OCTOBER PRIZES

ttl arin Lee / Curators

#

Titi.

On-Time Prize - 2010 25c PDSS set Hot Springs

Member Prize- BU Franklin Half Dollar

Youth Prize - 1986 Commemorative Half Proof & US Native
American Set

Drawing prizes

1) 2012 25c PDSS Set El Yunque
2) Walker Half Dollar

3) 1889-P Morgan Dollar AUS8

4) 1886-O Morgan Dollar VF

5) 1935A $1 PMG 64EPQ

6) 1953B $5

7) Canada $1 Devil Hair Bank note
8) 1950-S 25C MS64+

9) 1962 Franklin Half Dollar PF64
10)1982 Uncirculated Set

11)2022 Silver Eagle

“Buy of the Month”

Sequential Uncirculated $1 and $2 Bank Notes

There are several sets of crisp, uncirculated sequential bank notes available, meaning that the banknotes
are in consecutive serial number order which increases their value.

There are 3 different sets of 1963 US $2 Notes (red seal) and 4 different sets of 1935 and 1957 $1 Sil-
ver Certificates (blue seal). Buyers may purchase in quantities from

one to up to 10, but you may not leave only one remaining note in a set (so others may have the ability
to buy sequential sets too). The notes are $12 each (per note, NOT per set).

Old letters — Old postcards?

Do you have an old collection or accumulation of stuff that you don’t know what
to do with? I can help! Call me to discuss what items you have. Whether you
just want to know what the value is or if you want to sell them. We can discuss
what options you have to dispose of your items or | can give you a free verbal
appraisal based on the current market value. Either way you will know what you
have and can then make intelligent decisions as to what to do with it. Give mea
call. It will be worth your time.

Dave Blackhurst

801-580-9534

Visit My Table At Local Coin Shows
Always Buying Coins & Collectables
801-699-1728

te

Ralph R. Muller

P.O. Box 9088

Salt Lake City, Utah 84109
801-581-0991

Member ANA-UNS-OCC-SPMC-FCCB
E-mail mullerralph@gmail.com
BUY—SELL—APPRAISE COINS
& CURRENCY

Back issues of the Mint Master are available at the
following website.

https://nnp.wustl.edu/library/publisherdetail/S533919

Infinity Coins

Kevin Josephson
545 Shoup Ave Suite 108A
Idaho Falls, ID 83402

208-201-5007

infinitycoins@gmail.com
www. infinitycoins.net

ANA#R3147615

UNS Membership Application

Application for membership in the “Utah Numismatic Society”

P.O. Box 65054, Salt Lake City, UT 84165
Name(s) of Applicants:

Address:

E-Mail:

Phone Number:

Signature:

ANNUAL DUES
$30 Family $20 Adult $5 Junior / Under 18

By signing this application I

acknowledge that I have never
Where & When we meet: been convicted of a felony.

Second Tuesday of each month at 7:00 P.M.
Columbus Center / 2530 South 500 East, SLC, UT 84115

Quiz Answers

The Utah Numismatic Society is now enjoying its 70th year
serving collectors in Utah. We sponsor an annual coin show
held in Sandy which you may have attended. Our monthly
meetings are held monthly on the second Tuesday in Salt Lake
City. We have many knowledgeable, as well as novice and be-
ginning collectors, in attendance every month.

Our monthly publication entitled “The Mint Master” contains
interesting reading featuring articles such as the ’Counterfeit
Corner,’ ‘Book Reviews,’ “Young Numismatists,’ as well as
many other numismatic news-worthy columns.

Our meetings include Bourse, Auctions, expert speakers as well
as our annual “Youth Night” and “Summer Picnic.”

We invite you to attend one of our meetings held at the -

Columbus Center, 2530 S. 500 E., Salt Lake City.